NEO Preparation I

ATMOSPHERE

1. Which is the innermost layer of atmosphere?

       a) Lithosphere.
       b) Stratosphere.
       c) Troposphere.
       d) Biosphere.

2. When traveling by air, your airplane flies through this zone of atmosphere:

       a) Higher part of the Troposphere not beyond.

       b) Mainly the lower part of the Stratosphere.

       c) Lower part of the Mesosphere.

       d) None of the above.

3. Ozone molecules useful in blocking UV rays of the sun are dispersed at this altitude from the surface of earth:

         a) Only near the surface.

         b) From surface to 11 Kms.

         c) From 11 Kms to 30 Kms.

         d) From 31 to 50 Kms.

4. The temperature in the Stratosphere increases with height as compared to Troposphere because:

        a). Both contain Ozone but concentration of ozone is higher in Stratosphere than in Troposphere

        b)  Sun is closer to stratosphere compared to troposphere.

        c) Clouds are present in Troposphere which cool the later.

        d) None of the above.

5. How much of the earth’s air is found in the atmosphere inner most layer (troposphere)

        a) 75 %

        b) 80 %

        c) 65 %

        d) 57 %

6.Which layer of the atmosphere is known as global sunscreen?

        a) Troposphere.

        b) Stratosphere.

        c) Mesosphere.

        d) Thermosphere

7. Which are the chemical constituents found in Exposphere? A. Helium.

        a) Ozone.

        b) Oxygen

        c) Methane

       d) Helium.

8. The transitional region between the the atmosphere and vacuum of inter planetary space is called?

        a) Troposphere.

        b) Stratosphere.

        c) Mesosphere.

        d) Exosphere.

       9. The layer of the earth the reflects radio wave back to earth is called?

        a) Ionosphere

        b) Radiation zone

        c) Aurora borealis

        d) Ozone layer

10. In the atmosphere, tiny solid or liquid suspended particles of various composition are called?

        a) Aerosols

        b) Carcinogens

        c) Greenhouse Gases

        d) Microbes

Hydrosphere

1. Precipitation is usually expressed in which of the following units?

1. ml    
2. g/m²   
3. mm     
4. m³

2.  Which of the following is not a method of estimating river discharge?

1. Dilution Gauging  
2. Atmometer readings  
3. Rating Curve  
4. Velocity-Area Method

3.  Which of the following does not apply to infiltration excess overland flow?

1. Common in semi-arid areas where soil surface crusts develop
2. Rare in areas subject to extreme rainfall events
3. Common where the surface is often frozen
4. Rare in many temperature areas because infiltration capacity is too high

4.  Which of the following is not one of the major paths for water entering the soil?

1. Percolates into bedrock 
2. Infiltration-excess overland flow
3. C. Taken up by plants and   transpired   
4. Travels laterally through the soil

5.  What does a 'hydrograph' display?

1. Variations in water temperature against discharge 
2. Variations in river discharge over time
3. Variations in sediment concentration against river discharge
4. Variations in snowfall over time

6. Which of the following statements is not correct with respect to river flow in dry land environments?

1. Dry lands are characterized by rare but intense rainfall events
2. Most of the water is stored above ground to maintain base flow until the next flood event
3. Coarse and sandy soil often results in high infiltration capacities 
4. The intense nature of rainfall events causes rapid runoff and high flood peaks

7. Which of the following is the most likely impact of deforestation and increased grazing intensity?

1. Increased infiltration capacity and greater base flow contribution
2. Reduced infiltration capacity and greater infiltration-excess overland flow generation
3. Reduced annual river flow
4. Increased precipitation input

8. In the context of river flows in glacial regions, which of the following is not correct?

1. Large snow/ice melt input in early winter causes high flood potential
2. Discharge can be extremely low over winter
3. Outputs in the water budget often do not equal inputs due to a large amount of long term           water storage
4. Discharge is lower at night than during the daytime

9. In which of the following through flow pathways does water travel through the finest soil pores?

1. Stomatal pore flow
2. Matrix flow
3. Pipe flow
4. Macropre flow

10. Approximately what percentage of the earth's surface is covered by oceans?

1. 10%  
2. 35%  
3. 71%  
4. 90%

11.  Rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide will cause which of the following changes in oceanic chemistry?

1. Increased salinity 
2. Decreased pH
3. Decreased salinity
4. Increased precipitation of calcium carbonate

12. Which two features together control the density of seawater?

1. Salinity and depth
2. Temperature and sea depth
3. Temperature and salinity
4. Salinity and plankton concentration

13. Surface ocean currents are driven mainly by which of the following?

1. Salinity gradients
2. Prevailing winds
3. Temperature gradients
4. Warm Air

14. Deep ocean currents are driven mainly by which of the following?

1. Prevailing winds
2. Temperature and salinity gradients
3. Mid-ocean ridge volcanism
4. Earth’s rotation

15. Which of the following reservoir contains the most water?

1. Atmosphere  
2. Biosphere
3. Groundwater   
4. Lake and Rivers

16. The main parts of the water cycle are evapotranspiration, precipitation, and

1. Evaporation
2. Condensation
3. Runoff
4. Deposition

17.  Condensation is a change in water from a

1. Solid to liquid
2. Liquid to solid
3. Gas to liquid
4. Liquid to gas

18. All the sediment carried by a river is called the

1. Suspended load
2. Bed load
3. Stream load
4. Dissolved load

19. An aquifer contains a great deal of water, but the water cannot be removed easily with an ordinary well. This is most likely due to sediment and rock characterized by

1. Low porosity
2. Low permeability
3. Poor sorting
4. High iron content

20. The water table forms the upper surface of the

1. Cap rock layer
2. Contour surface
3. Zone of saturation
4. Artesian formation

21. Which of the following statements about groundwater is true?

1. Groundwater is a nonrenewable resource.
2. Groundwater can be replenished by pumping sea water into the ground.
3. Once groundwater is polluted it can never be used again
4. Groundwater can be conserved by recycling used water.

 22. Drainage basins are also called

1. Floodplains
2. Whirlpools
3. Watersheds
4. Artesian wells

23.  The attraction of water molecules to other materials, such as soil, is called

1. Permeability
2. Gradient
3. Porosity
4. Capillary action

24. One of the major disadvantages of hard water is that it

1. Cannot be used for drinking
2. Inhibits the flow of water up through artesian wells
3. Contaminates groundwater aquifers
4. Damages appliances due to the buildup of mineral deposits

25. When water freezes it

1. Decreases in volume
2. Becomes denser causing ice to sink
3. Increased in volume, which causes ice to float.
4. No phase change occurs

26.  Because water become less dense when the temperature moves from 4o C to 0o C water that is near the freezing point will be found

1. On the surface of a lake
2. On the bottom of a lake
3. At the mid-level of a lake
4. Only next to the shore.

27. Water is called the universal solvent because

1. Water dissolves nothing
2. Water dissolves more substances than any other solvent.
3. Water dissolves everything
4. None of the above

28. Properties that make water feel wet are

1. Adhesion
2. Cohesion
3. A and B
4. None of the above

29. Cohesion properties of water allow

1. Some spiders to walk on water
2. Wood to float
3. Water to dissolve sugar
4. Water to cool out bodies

30.  Capillary action of water is caused by

1. Adhesion and cohesion properties
2. Adhesion properties only
3. Solvent properties of water
4. Water's specific heat

31. Phase changes of water occur when

1. Liquid changes to ice
2. Ice changes to liquid
3. Liquid changes to steam
4. All of the above

32. Energy is lost from water when

1. Ice changes to liquid
2. Liquid changes to steam
3. The water temperature increases
4. Steam changes to liquid

33. The unique properties of water are mostly the result of?

1. Ionic bonds
2. Atomic bonds
3. Hydrogen bonds
4. Covalent bonds

34.  The unique properties of water are important to?

1. Ecology of lakes, streams, and oceans
2. Plants the use water to transport nutrients
3. Animals whose blood must contain water to move all chemicals they need to survive
4. All of the above.

 35. Which body of water has the highest salinity?

1. Mediterranean Sea
2. Red Sea
3. Baltic Sea
4. Black Sea

36. Which feature is at the greatest depth in the ocean?

1. Abyssal plain
2. Continental shelf
3. Submarine canyon
4. Continental rise

37. What is transported through the ocean in turbidity currents?

1. Nutrients
2. Oxygen
3. Salts
4. Sediments

38. At what temperature does fresh water have its maximum density?

1. 0 degree C.
2. 4 degrees C
3. 32 degrees C
4. 100 degrees C

 39. A river flows into a quiet lake and begins to form a  __________________?

1. Delta
2. Alluvial fans
3. Natural levees
4. Point bars

40. About how much dissolved materials do rivers transport each year?

1. 2-4 thousand tons
2. 2-4 million tons
3. 2-4 billion tons
4. 2-4 trillion tons