NEO Preparation III

Environmental Science

72. Many individuals of the same species living together in a defined area form a/an

A. Community

B. Ecosystem

C. Genus

D. Population

73. Which of the following is characteristic of parasitism?

A. One organism lives in or on another and benefits. 

B. Two organisms nourish each other; both benefit.

C. One organism kills and consumes another.

D. Two organisms live together and neither is harmed.

74. The sequence of energy flow through a food chain is 

A. primary consumers‑ producers‑ higher order consumers.

B. producers‑ higher order consumers‑ primary consumers.

C. producers‑ primary consumers‑ higher order consumers. 

D. primary consumers‑ higher order consumers‑ producers.

75.  The two compounds that acid rain contains that are most damaging to the environment are ____________ and ____________.

A. nitrogen; water

B. carbon dioxide; sulfuric acid

C. sulfur dioxide; nitrogen oxides

D. carbon dioxide; water

76. The only gas in the atmosphere that can absorb the sun's dangerous ultraviolet radiation is ____.

A. nitrogen

B. ozone

C. nitrous oxide

D. carbon dioxide

77. The largest amount of usable water found on earth is used for ___.

A. household use

B. crop irrigation

C. recreation

D. industrial uses

78. Which of the following are producers?

A. termites

B. bacteria

C. algae

D. all of the above

79. What is happening to the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

A. it is increasing

B. it is decreasing

C. it is steady

D. it is fluctuating

80.  The major reservoir for phosphorus is

A. aquifers

B. clouds

C. the atmosphere

D. soil and rocks 

81. Precipitation is usually expressed in which of the following units?

A. ml    

B. g/m²   

C. mm    

D.m³

82.  Which of the following is not a method of estimating river discharge?

A. Dilution Gauging  

B. Atmometer readings  

C. Rating Curve  

D.Velocity-Area Method

83. Which of the following does not apply to infiltration excess overland flow?

A. Common in semi-arid areas where soil surface crusts develop

B. Rare in areas subject to extreme rainfall events

C. Common where the surface is often frozen

D.Rare in many temperature areas because infiltration capacity is too high

84.  Which of the following is not one of the major paths for water entering the soil?

A. Percolates into bedrock 

B. Infiltration-excess overland flow

C. C. Taken up by plants and   transpired   

D.Travels laterally through the soil

85.  What does a 'hydrograph' display?

A. Variations in water temperature against discharge 

B. Variations in river discharge over time

C. Variations in sediment concentration against river discharge

D.Variations in snowfall over time

86. Which of the following statements is not correct with respect to river flow in dry land environments?

A. Dry lands are characterized by rare but intense rainfall events

B. Most of the water is stored above ground to maintain base flow until the next flood event

C. Coarse and sandy soil often results in high infiltration capacities 

D.The intense nature of rainfall events causes rapid runoff and high flood peaks

87. Which of the following is the most likely impact of deforestation and increased grazing intensity?

A. Increased infiltration capacity and greater base flow contribution

B. Reduced infiltration capacity and greater infiltration-excess overland flow generation

C. Reduced annual river flow

D.Increased precipitation input

88. In the context of river flows in glacial regions, which of the following is not correct?

A. Large snow/ice melt input in early winter causes high flood potential

B. Discharge can be extremely low over winter

C. Outputs in the water budget often do not equal inputs due to a large amount of long term           water storage

D.Discharge is lower at night than during the daytime

89. In which of the following through flow pathways does water travel through the finest soil pores?

A. Stomatal pore flow

B. Matrix flow

C. Pipe flow

D.Macropre flow

90. Approximately what percentage of the earth's surface is covered by oceans?

A. 10%  

B. 35%  

C. 71%  

D.90%

91.  Rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide will cause which of the following changes in oceanic chemistry?

A. Increased salinity 

B. Decreased pH

C. Decreased salinity

D.Increased precipitation of calcium carbonate

92. Which two features together control the density of seawater?

A. Salinity and depth

B. Temperature and sea depth

C. Temperature and salinity

D.Salinity and plankton concentration

93. Surface ocean currents are driven mainly by which of the following?

A. Salinity gradients

B. Prevailing winds

C. Temperature gradients

D.Warm Air

94. Deep ocean currents are driven mainly by which of the following?

A. Prevailing winds

B. Temperature and salinity gradients

C. Mid-ocean ridge volcanism

D.Earth’s rotation

95. Which of the following reservoir contains the most water?

A. Atmosphere  

B. Biosphere

C. Groundwater   

D.Lake and Rivers

96.  The main parts of the water cycle are evapotranspiration, precipitation, and

A. Evaporation

B. Condensation

C. Runoff

D.Deposition

97.  Condensation is a change in water from a

A. Solid to liquid

B. Liquid to solid

C. Gas to liquid

D.Liquid to gas

98. All the sediment carried by a river is called the

A. suspended load

B. bed load

C. stream load

D.dissolved load

99.  An aquifer contains a great deal of water, but the water cannot be removed easily with an ordinary well. This is most likely due to sediment and rock characterized by

A. low porosity

B. low permeability

C. poor sorting

D.high iron content

100. The water table forms the upper surface of the

A. cap rock layer

B. contour surface

C. zone of saturation

D.artesian formation